About 70,000 years ago: The Cognitive Revolution: Emergence of fictive language Homo Sapiens means “Wise man. In this revolution, Homo Sapiens which previously was just an insignificant specie of African ape, evolved unique cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities mean thinking, remembering, communicating and learning. Homosapiens developed unique cognitive abilities that gave it immense power and turned it into the most important animal in the world. It allowed homoserines to Communicate at a level never seen before in language.
Home Sapiens Began Doing Very Special Things
The first symbol of the cognition is that some Sapiens bands left Africa for a second time and move toward the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East. This time they drove all the other human species but from the face of the Earth. Within a short time, Sapiens not only settled in the Middle East but also Europe, and Central Asia, and South Asia and East Asia. About 60,000 years ago Sapiens reached to China and Korea.
About 45,000 years ago: Sapiens settle Australia, Extinction of Australian mega-Fauna
About 45,000 years ago Sapiens crossed the open sea and landed in Australia. The cultural developments include some of the earliest known examples of cave, painting. These artworks depicted animals and abstract symbols that reflect the cognitive and cultural complexity of early humans. The homoserines of this period use a variety of tools made from stone, bone and wood.
By the cognitive revolution Homosapiens developed imagination, intelligence and memory. By these developments creation of language occurs and the society create. This society become the reason of extinction of Australian megafauna.
About 30,000 years ago: Extinction of Neanderthals
Competition with modern humans
modern humans spread across Europe and Asia; they may have competed with Neanderthals for resources. Homoserines had advanced tools, social structures and possibly better communication abilities.
Climate effect
The harsh conditions and climate fluctuations making the survival difficult for Neanderthals.
Diseases
The new diseases are more effective on Neanderthals due to having no immunity against these diseases.
About 16000 years ago: Sapiens settle America, Extinction of America megafauna
The sudden arrival of new highly effected predators as homoserines pressure on these large animals and play a role in the extinction of megafauna. These pressures increase difficulties for survival of megafauna.
About 13,000 years ago: Extinction of homo florisiensis: Homosapiens the only surviving human species
Homo florisiensis nicknamed “Hobbit” have been found on the island of Flores, Indonesia. H- Florisiensis named after the island on which it was discovered.
The fossils of H-florisiensis date to between about 100,000 and 60,000 years ago. The H-florisiensis individuals physically about 3 feet 6 inches tall with tiny brains, large teeth for their small sized shoulders and large feet due to their short legs. Due to this appearance of small body and large brain Homo florisiensis made and used stone tools and hunted small elephants and may have used fire.
Due to small brain, limited food resources and lack of predators H-florisiensis may have resulted to extinct.
Homosapiens the only surviving human species
Homosapiens having better survival abilities than other hominins. They can face and bear climate change due to their stable brain sized Homosapiens is a Latin word that means “wise man” so they are wised due to their brain abilities.
A day in the life of Adam and Eve:
The first human came on the earth was Adam. Adam was created by God. God created Adam about sixty cubits (approx. 90 feet).
After that the human species decreasing in height.” (Hadith collections of Bukhari and Muslim).
In the Quran the creation of Adam describe: “We created man from sounding clay, from mud moulded into shape…” (15:26). And “He began the creation of man from clay, and made his progeny from a quintessence of fluid”. (32:7-8).
The Homosapiens adopted to the changing conditions and interbreeding that their genetic lineage.
The scientific classification of human is
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Kingdom Animalia
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Phylum Chordata
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Class Mammalia
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Order Primates
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Family Hominidae
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Genus Homo
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Species Sapiens
Homosapiens are the successful species of earth according to their genetics.
About 12,000 years ago: The agricultural revolution. Domestication of plants and animals Permanent settlements.
A successful life and adaptation of homo sapiens may increase their need of survival of their food, protection and all sources.
So humans promote from species to population, population to culture and the concept of culture promote to agricultural revolution for their survival and need of money.
The agricultural revolution also named as “Neolithic revolution”. Its marked as a major turning point in human history. This revolution led to the roots of plants and animals, which allowed humans to produce food for the first time.
As a result of these domestications and stability of food, humans began to form permanent villages, towns and early civilization.
Early farming techniques such as plugs, sickles etc increase crop yields.
About 5000 years ago: First kingdom script and money, polytheistic religion:
A kingdom referred as multiple territories that controlled and leading by kings or queen, in which a single ruler has authority to lead people.
The position of monarch is hereditary that passed through family lines.
Kingdoms typically have government which include ministers, advisors and other officials who help the king to manage the system. They all play role to handle justice, finance and other foreign relations.
The monarch has complete authority to ordered the laws.
First Script (3400-3000 BCE)
The earliest known writing systems developed by old civilization. The “cuneiform” is the first script as the system of record keeping (pictographs). With the passage of time pictographs developed into symbols of sounds, syllables and ideas that makes it in the form of writing.
The Egyptian hieroglyphs is another earlier script which appeared around 3200BCE. This script system used as a combination of logo graphic and alphabetic elements that represent language, which primarily used for religious texts.
Money
In ancient time there were no concept of notes money. Barter system is a best way to fulfill the needs of people. Barter system is exchange of things between peoples as the exchange of coat with shoes between the two needful peoples.
The earliest known use of money in the form of barley and silver appeared in Mesopotamia in 3000BCE.Then the China was developed the cowrie shells for fulfilling the needs. After sometime China also changes it into coins having holes in them. Then with the passage of time bank notes were developed around 600BCE.
To understanding the revolutionary process, provide a valuable insight for future challenges and opportunities that provide and remind readers the extraordinary capabilities.
By
Rumana Gull, Scholar Master of Philosophy Biological Sciences
Dr. Abid Hussain Nawaz, Ph.D.
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